"Damn the torpedos, full steam ahead!".:-)

Preface

Excerpts from a speech by Astronaut Edgar Mitchell, who went to the Moon.

Edgar Mitchell on gov't UFO secrets

"in our briefing of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Intelligence Group, it became very clear to us that they were naive. They did not really know any more about this effort than we do, if as much. That is because, as Bob Dean pointed out earlier, most of the people in government were not in government when I retired twenty five years ago, they are younger people. The files going back fifty years just no longer exist. They've either been purged, compromised or whatever. They don't exist. So when we blame government for not being forthright, they really don't have anything to be forthright about, at least at that level. Now, somewhere there's knowledgeable people, …the question often comes up as to how they could have kept this a secret for so long. And friends they haven't. It's been around us all the time, but it has been denied, and obscured. … the prevalence in the modern era of so many events - the sightings, the continual mutilation events, the so-called abduction events … I find that quite alarming. … With regard to the technology itself, I work with folks who do know what is in our technological data base and what is available to modern armies. The so-called ET technology, the ability to have silent engines and flying machines that make no sound, flying machines that have the characteristics that are consistent with reproduction of UFO sightings, are not in any nations arsenal, but they do exist. So if there are back engineered technologies existing, they are probably in the hands of this group of individuals, formerly government, formerly perhaps intelligence, formerly,under private sector control with some sort of oversight by military or by government. But this (oversight) is likely no longer the case as a result of this access denied category that is now operating. I call it a clandestine group. The technology is not in our military arsenals anywhere in the world, but it does exist, and to me that's quite disconcerting."

end of quote

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From Poland, from Germany, from Australia, from Russia, from Bermuda, from all corners of the planet they come. We see the grass roots beginnings of the virtual policy-making think tank, the new "Rand Corporation" in cyberspace using the World Wide Web, for the United Earth Space Naval Forces. The information highway is as vital to our defense as was the super-highway system for automobiles built in the 50's and 60's. Our main weapons-systems that we need to manufacture ASAP in a crash program on the scale of the Manhattan Project, are nano-engineered high-temperature superconducting warp-drive Spitfire Squadrons with post-quantum psychotronic command-control-communications, rapid-fire particle-beam Gatling guns, nuclear-tipped torpedoes et-al. :-)

If we want to apply this idea to model a propulsion system for the alleged extra-terrestrial flying machines, claimed by Colonel Phillip Corso, the qualitative picture is a local field of positive cosmological constant contributing to the local metric field in a small boundary layer around the skin of the space craft. The detailed structure of this boundary layer is somehow controlled by the EM brain-waves of the pilot in addition to the pilot’s Q* field, and other auxiliary EM fields and giant Q’s built into the ship’s architecture.

What I want to emphasize is, unlike anything else in the UFO literature that I have read, Colonel Philip Corso’s qualitative descriptions of how the ET flying machine is powered and navigated is right on the money! Quote me! (to Colonel Alexander) Specifically, I mean his remarks that the fuselage of the craft is a high temperature superconductor, that the occupants do not feel high-g forces in sharp right-angle turns at very high apparent accelerations to the external observer, and that the ship is controlled in a direct mind-link between the pilot and the craft via the headband and the hand-imprint panels. This is in harmony with independent research, which only now, in 1998 beginning can be properly understood. I mean here my own post-quantum mechanism Q* <->B, which seamlessly integrates mind with matter, and the Modanese theory, which finds a new kind of strong nonclassical coherent phase "exotic" field surrounding the ship. The local effective cosmological constant field can apparently be controlled by a combination of weaker electromagnetic fields, the quantum potential Q of the superconducting hull, and the post-quantum potential Q* of the brain of the pilot. This is, of course, a qualitative picture, in the proto-science stage.

Jack Sarfatti's notes on gr­qc/9612022 November 1996

I.N.F.N. -- Gruppo Collegato di Trento

Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit`a

I­38050 Povo (TN) ­ Italy

e­mail: modanese@science.unitn.it

and

John Schnurer

Director Applied Sciences

Physics Engineering

P.O. Box CN 446, Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387­0466 ­ U.S.A.

Abstract

In the weak field approximation to quantum gravity, a ``local'' positive cosmological term mu(x)^2 corresponds to a local negative squared mass term in the Lagrangian"

Sarfatti: The negative squared mass term is a "tachyonic" or dynamical superluminal propagation of four-momentum at the beable B level. Actually the graviton acquires an imaginary mass. This is not to be confused with nonlocal quantum potential Q effects. The authors (MS), however, show that a giant superfluid Q causes a tachyonic effect in the metric field which allegedly generates a repulsive gravity effect (i.e., local positive cosmological term). A similar superfluid tachyonic term is in the Higgs mechanism where the spontaneous breakdown of the symmetry of the vacuum generates positive masses for quanta of lepton-quark source fields and weak boson force fields in the standard model. The massless Goldstone modes merge with the massless spin modes of the unbroken model to become the longitudinal modes of the massive quanta excited out of the special-relativistic superfluid vacuum.

We want to apply this idea to model a propulsion system for the alleged extra-terrestrial flying machines claimed by Colonel Phillip Corso. The qualitative picture is a local field of positive cosmological constant contributing to the local metric field in a small boundary layer around the skin of the spacecraft. The detailed structure of this boundary layer is somehow controlled by the EM brain-waves of the pilot in addition to the pilot's Q* field, and other auxilliary EM fields and giant Q's built into the ship's architecture. Colonel Corso stresses the seamless integration of the mind of the pilot into the command-control-communication-navigation-propulsion (C^3NP) system of the spacecraft. I am intrigued that I came to exactly this qualitative conclusion on the basis of my post-quantum Q* <-> B mechanics before I was, at least consciously, aware of Corso's claims on this particular matter.

"and may thus induce local pinning of the gravitational field. Such a term can be produced by the coupling to an external Bose condensate."

"In the functional integral, the local pinning acts as a constraint on the field configurations. We discuss this model in detail and apply it to a phenomenological analysis of recent experimental results. The behavior of a Bose condensate -- or more specifically of the Bose condensate of Cooper pairs within superconducting materials -- in an external gravitational field has been the subject of some study in the past [1]. The presence in a superconductor of currents flowing without any measurable resistance suggests that a superconductor could be used as a sensitive detection system, in particular for gravitational fields. The possible back­reaction of induced supercurrents on the gravitational field itself has been studied too, in analogy with the familiar treatment of the Meissner effect. As one would expect, it turns out that the ``gravitational Meissner effect'' is extremely weak: for instance, it has been computed that in a neutron star with a density of the order of 10 17 kg/m 3 , the London penetration depth is 12 km [2]. Such a penetration depth shows that the coupling of supercurrents to the classical gravitational field is extremely weak. The reason, of course, stems from the smallness of the coupling between gravity and the energy­momentum tensor of matter T<sub>uv</sub> . One might wonder whether in a quantum theory of gravity -- or at least in an approximation of the theory for weak fields -- the Bose condensate of the Cooper pairs, due to its macroscopic quantum character, can play a more subtle role than as a simple contribution to the energy­momentum tensor. In other words, we wonder if the macroscopic quantum coherence of the condensate can be taken into account at a fundamental level when computing the interaction between the superconductor and the external gravitational field. Results might then differ from those obtained from the gravitational coupling of ``regular'', incoherent matter. A similar approach has been earlier proposed by Weber in his studies of gravitational waves and neutrino fluxes detection [3].

In a quantum­field representation the condensate is described by a field phi with non­vanishing vacuum expectation value <0|phi|0> , possibly depending on the spacetime coordinate x. It is interesting to insert the action of this field, suitably ``covariantized'', into the functional integral of gravity, expand the metric tensor guv in weak field approximation, and check if the only effect of <0|phi(x)|0> is to produce gravity/condensate interaction vertices proportional to powers of [Sarfatti insert dimensionless gravitational fine structure constant for "kappa"?]. One finds that in general this is not the case; the quadratic part of the gravitational action is modified as well, by receiving a negative definite contribution."

This is the crux of the new theory. There is apparently a new nonclassical macroscopic quantum phase coherent term that mimics a tachyonic contribution to the Lagrangian of the warped metric field of Einstein's general relativity in the quantum regime. It is different from the brute force coupling from the stress-energy tensor, which is much too weak to be of practical value for "propellantless propulsion" of advanced (ET?) spacecraft.

Lecture 3

"It can thus be expected that the condensate induces localized instabilities of the gravitational field, in a sense which we shall describe precisely in Section 2. The present paper is based on the letter [6] and originates in part from previous theoretical work [4] and in part from recent experimental results ([5]; see Sections 3, 4) which show the possibility of an anomalous interaction, in special conditions, between the gravitational field and a superconductor."

Sarfatti: The key term here "anomalous interaction" between the gravitational field and a superconductor. What about neutral superfluid helium? How important is the electric charge? What about possible high-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in our brains? (e.g. , Marshall, Zohar, Frohlich)

"In Section 1 the theoretical model is introduced. In Section 1.1 we recall the role of a global cosmological term in the gravitational action."

Sarfatti: Note other core ideas "global cosmological term" and "gravitational action". The "global" becomes "local".

"In Section 1.2 we show how a ``local'' positive cosmological term appears in the gravitational action due to the minimal coupling to a scalar field phi(x) with x­dependent vacuum expectation value <0|phi(x)|0>, representing a Bose condensate with variable density. We define the ``critical regions'' of spacetime as those in which the overall sign of the cosmological term is positive."

Sarfatti: Key ideas "critical region" of space where net sign of cosmological term is positive i.e. a repulsive gravity force added to the ordinary attractive one. The cosmological term is taken to be zero in the usual theory. The "tachyonic" effective negative-squared mass term from macroscopic quantum phase coherence in the action of the gravitational field leads to this repulsive gravity effect. Note that macroscopic quantum phase coherence is also a key feature of "quantum computation", so that there may be an interesting direct link between the Modanese propulsion effect and quantum-computing. This adds credibility to Colonel Corso's surprising claim that the ET flying machines are controlled by a direct mind-link, or mind-meld, between the pilot and the ship, which form a seamlessly integrated sentient system. See Nick Herbert's book, Elemental Mind. Colonel Corso says that the ship is essentially an extension of the pilot's mind. David Deutsch, the father of orthodox quantum computing does not think that the human mind is an orthodox quantum computer (The Fabric of Reality). Victor Stenger says that the quantum is "unconscious". They are both correct. What they have not investigated is whether the mind, I mean all minds universally, are post-quantum computers.

Lecture 4

"In Section 2 we discuss the gravitational instability induced by the condensate in the critical regions. We note that the ``kinetic term'' R(x) in the gravitational Lagrangian admits zero modes,"

Sarfatti: I think they mean Goldstone modes of zero frequency at zero momentum. Since they are in the weak curvature limit, they are on a flat background so we can talk about the Goldstone modes from spontaneous broken symmetry in the usual way. All this would break down in strong curvatures, but that is OK for our current objective which is to try to make a practical propellantless propulsion system using macroscopic quantum phase coherence.

"and discuss qualitatively the effect of the instabilities in the Euclidean functional integral for the gravitational static potential energy [4]."

Sarfatti: Ok, so right away they switch signature from Lorentzian to Euclidean that I always feel uneasy about. Well Hawking does it also.

"In Section 3 we summarize the experimental findings reported in [5], trying to focus on the essential elements of an experimental setup which is quite complex.

We add some remarks on the possible theoretical interpretations of these observations, according to the model with ``anomalous'' coupling between h(x) and <0|phi(x)|0> introduced in the previous Sections. In Section 4 we describe our own experimental results and their interpretation. Finally, in Section 5 we discuss some issues of elementary character -- but important from the practical point of view -- concerning the overall energetic balance of the shielding process.

In this Section we show that a scalar field with a x­dependent vacuum expectation value, coupled to the gravitational field, gives a positive x­dependent contribution to the cosmological term. Our argument follows that given in [15].

Let us consider the action of the gravitational field g_uv(x) in its usual form:"

Sarfatti: Since we are font limited in email I will simply describe Modanese's math. You should go to the original paper. The classical action integral of the Einstein metric gravity field has two terms, the Einstein term proportional to the curvature scalar R(x) and the cosmological term proportional to Lambda. Modanese uses the standard textbook minimal coupling of external fields to the Einstein metric field where covariant derivatives replace partial derivatives of the external fields in the latter's action integral. The 4D space-time volume element in the action integral needs a factor that is the square root of the determinant g(x) of the metric tensor that determines the space-time geometry. Note we will see that determinants in non-Abelian gauge theories and in quantum gravity in the functional integral description use "ghosts" that violate the spin-statistics connection. For example spin zero fermions. These ghosts are kept from appearing in asymptotic scattering states in Yang-Mills theories of high-energy physics. But, it seems to me, this will not work in quantum-gravity where we cannot use asymptotic states. Therefore, the quantum-gravity ghosts should become real resulting in exotic stress-energy contributions for traversable wormholes and warp drives. We also need to see what role the ghosts play in the Modanese quantum phase coupling that is in addition to the stress-energy coupling.

"ordinary derivatives are transformed into covariant derivatives by inserting the connection field. Moreover, the Minkowskian volume element d^4x is replaced by d^4x [g(x)]^1/2 where g(x) is the determinant of the metric. The insertion of the factor [g(x)]^1/2 into the volume element has the effect that any additive constant in the Lagrangian contributes to the cosmological term Lambda/8piG. For instance, let us consider a Bose condensate described by a scalar field

phi(x) = <0|phi(x)|0> + &phi(x)

where <0|phi(x)|0> is the vacuum expectation value and m2^<0|phi(x)|0>^2 represents the particle's density of the ground state in the non­relativistic limit (compare eq.s (8)­(10)). The action of this field in the presence of gravity is"

Sarfatti: I omit the equation for now.

"Considering the total action (S(g) + S (phi) ), it is easy to check that the ``intrinsic'' gravitational cosmological constant Lambda/8piG receives a contribution (1/2) m2^<0|phi(x)|0>^2. Astronomical observations impose a very low limit on the total cosmological term present in the action of the gravitational field. The presently accepted limit is on the order of |Lambda|G < 10 ^-120, which means approximately for Lambda itself that |Lambda| < 10^-54 cm^-2."

Sarfatti: Note, that the Planck length where quantum fluctuations of the classical metric field are large is 10^-33 cm. The Planck area is 10^-66 cm^2. Hawking shows that this is equivalent to one classical bit of entropy. In these standard quantum gravity units, Newton's constant G = one classical bit of entropy. For example, the surface area of the event horizon of a blackhole as seen by a distant observer outside it, can be thought of as a tiling of classical bits. So the inverse of the cosmological constant i.e. 1/Lambda is a very large area in Planck units. That is 1/|Lambda| = 10^54 cm^2 = 10^54 10^66 classical bits of entropy = 10^120 bits of entropy or lost classical Shannon information down the hole. Note these are not coherent 2-state "qu-bits" of quantum information. The effective event horizon of the global cosmological constant is about 10^28 cm. In fact, it is essentially the current size of the visible universe. Therefore, our universe is worth about 10^120 bits i.e. 2^10^120 possibilities in the Hawking theory of black hole thermodynamics.

Lecture 5

"This absence of curvature in the large-scale universe raises a paradox, called "the cosmological constant problem". In fact, the Higgs fields of the standard model as well as the zero point fluctuations of any quantum field, including the gravitational field itself, generate huge contributions to the cosmological term, which somehow, appear to be relaxed to zero at macroscopic distances."

Sarfatti: Note that the reciprocal of the cosmological constant is a large number proportional to the total number of Shannon-Hawking bits in the universe in Planck units. The constant itself is a very small number with dimensions of squared momentum in the proper unit-system. It is best to think of the cosmological constant as an inverse area. This area is the square of the present size of the visible expanding universe in the global average of the standard cosmological model. Large local distortions away from this average would correspond to much smaller area. For example, suppose we have a flying disc of 10 meter radius. This is about 10^34 Planck units, which corresponds to 10^68 Shannon-Hawking bits. A local cosmological constant distortion with this scale of curvature would be 10^120/10^68 = 10^52 times stronger than the cosmic average in a boundary layer of maybe a few centimeters around the superconducting fuselage of the flying saucer. I am not here proposing this as a realistic number for an actual ET spacecraft. I am only trying to orient the general reader in how to think quantitatively about the cosmological constant. A small bit-value will roughly translate to a larger lifting force for the space-craft. How do we get a handle on the relative lifting power of the Modanese quantum phase term? We need to compare the curvature of the warped cosmological constant term with that of the Earth. Let R_e be the scale of spatial warp radius of curvature of the earth, or wherever the ship is momentarily located. Let R_w be the corresponding value of the superconducting warp propulsion system on the hypothetical flying saucer. A complete neutral balance will correspond to R_e = R_w. The relevant warp propulsion parameter is

Lecture 6

Like the problem of getting useful work out of zero-point fluctuations in the possibly metastable quantum vacuum, the cosmological constant problem is not yet adequately understood and awaits a fully non-perturbative quantum gravity theory like the one of Ashtekar, Smolin et-al. One interesting thing about the new non-perturbative theories is that they are fundamentally based on the Shannon-Hawking quantized area/bit idea that I am using here. Some of the features I get here may, hopefully, survive in the future non-perturbative theory. Modanese's theory is essentially only a weak-field first-order perturbation theory. That is fine for our current objective of the understanding flight-control and propulsion of alien ET "flying saucers" in the Earth's atmosphere and in interplanetary and interstellar space. This is because the deviations from the flat metric of special relativity are still small. Our theory would seriously break down near black holes, but should be OK for traversable wormhole star-gate/time-travel tunnels through, what Kip Thorne calls, "hyperspace" (Black Holes and Time Warps). These tunnels ("subways to the stars") connect different snapshots in David Deutsch's heuristic multiverse picture of quantum gravity (The Fabric of Reality). Modanese cites numerical simulations in Euclidean quantum gravity using a Regge lattice. Here the cosmological constant depends on the momentum scale p as

Lambda(p) -> G^-1 (Lplanck p)^gamma

That is the cosmological constant has a kind of fractal scale dependence where it approaches zero from a negative value at cosmological distances where p -> 0.

"the weak field approximation for the gravitational field is stable in the presence of an infinitesimal cosmological term with negative sign, conversely it becomes unstable in the presence of a positive cosmological term."

This tachyonic (negative mass squared) instability in the metric of the space-time geometry when it is induced by giant superfluid sentient post-quantum potentials Q* appears to be the key to breakthrough propellantless propulsion IMHO. I use the term "tachyonic" because "In the weak field approximation to quantum gravity, a ``local'' positive cosmological term mu(x)^2 corresponds to a local negative squared-mass term in the Lagrangian".

"1.2 Local cosmological term.

Summarizing, there appears to exist, independent of any model, a dynamical mechanism that ``relaxes to zero'' any contribution to the cosmological term. This makes the gravitational field insensitive to any constant term in the action of other fields coupled to it. Nevertheless, let us go back to the previously mentioned example of a Bose condensate described by a scalar field

phi(x) = <0|phi(x)|0> + &phi(x)

If the vacuum expectation value <0|phi(x)|0> is not constant but depends on the spacetime coordinate x, then a positive ``local'' cosmological term appears in the gravitational action S[g], and this can have important consequences. Let us suppose that <0|phi(x)|0> is fixed by external factors. Now, let us decompose the gravitational field guv(x) as usual in the weak field approximation, that is,

Modanese and Schnurer (MS) then write the total action S in their equations 3 to 6.

"The relevant point (eq.s (3), (4)) is that the purely gravitational cosmological term Lambda /8piG receives a local positive contribution 1/2 mu^2 that depends on the" superfluid vacuum expectation value <0|phi(x)|0> that is the signature of a giant Bohm quantum potential, which under proper conditions of back-action can become an intrinsically sentient purely physical mental field of thought in my post-quantum theory.

 Lecture 7

"We shall use ``critical regions'' to designate those regions of space-time where the following condition is satisfied:

[Lambda/8piG + ½ mu²(x)] > 0

As we shall see in Section 2, in these regions the gravitational Lagrangian is unstable and the field tends to be ``pinned'' at some fixed values.

It is important to give a numerical estimate of the magnitude order of mu²(x) in the case of a superconductor."

MS’s numbers here are: N = 10²⁰ cm^-3 is the number of Cooper pairs in the superconductor per unit volume, m is the mass of the Cooper pair, which in the units used is 10¹⁰ cm^-1.

mu² = Nm > 10³⁰ cm^-1

<0|phi|0> = N/m ^½

|Lambda|/8piG < 10¹² cm^-1

So the superconductor term is 18 orders of magnitude larger than the asymptotic cosmological constant term.

"But in fact the positive contribution of the condensate is so large that one could expect the formation of gravitational instabilities in any superconductor or superfluid, subjected to external e.m. fields or not -- a conclusion in contrast with the observations."

So we have to realize that general relativity on the small scale, in regard to the role of the cosmological constant term is not well understood. Indeed, it is connected to the anomaly that 90% of the gravitating mass in the universe is dark.

"According to our discussion in Section 1.1, we may then hypothesize that the value of Lambda/8piG at small scale is larger than that observed at astronomical scale, and negative in sign, such that it would represent a ``threshold'' of the order of¸ 10 ³⁰ cm^-1 for anomalous gravitational couplings … a negative intrinsic cosmological constant is allowed in models of quantum gravity containing a fundamental length. Given the small magnitude cited above, this threshold would not influence any other known physical process.

"In this Section we discuss the gravitational instability induced by the condensate in the critical regions (7). We note that the ``kinetic term'' R(x) in the gravitational Lagrangian admits zero modes."

I think MS mean Goldstone modes, which characterize superfluids. More on that later. A good discussion is in Volume II of Steven Weinberg’s Quantum Theory of Fields. MS are suggesting that ordinary superconductivity and superfluidity induce a local strong short-range repulsive gravity.

"… in this approximation a cosmological term amounts to a squared mass term for the graviton positive if Lambda < 0, and negative (with consequent instability of the theory) if Lambda > 0."

This is quite similar to superconductivity, which breaks the U(1) local gauge phase-symmetry of Maxwell’s electromagnetic field causing the virtual photons inside the superconductor to have an effective rest mass. Similarly, the virtual gravitons inside the critical metric region induced by the giant quantum potential Q of the high-temperature nano-engineered electrical superconducting fuselage of the spacecraft, have an imaginary effective rest mass like tachyons. It is this tachyonic instability of the metric induced by the giant external quantum potential that amplifies the effective coupling constant of the repulsive short-range antigravity way above ordinary attractive gravity in the stable regions of the metric field. The effective imaginary mass of the virtual anti-gravitons is in a small boundary layer encasing the superconducting fuselage. The thickness of this superconducting warp boundary layer is of the order of h/|iM|c, where iM is the effective imaginary mass of the virtual anti-gravitons. Note added. This may be an error on my part as the tachyonic propagator oscillates in space rather than decays. But the exotic tachyonic critical region is probably bounded by a noncritical region something like a quantized vortex. That is we get a spatial oscillation that then decays. It would be analogous to the quantum tunneling through a barrier. The exotic critical region for the tachyonic virtual graviton is like the freely propagating subluminal real particle. The non-critical region where the graviton has a real mass from the broken gauge symmetry is like the classical barrier in the quantum tunnel problem.

"There are some possible objections to this naive statement. First, it is known that there is no consistent gravitational field theory including a massive graviton [18]. Moreover, when a cosmological term is present in the gravitational Lagrangian, it is not correct to consider the weak field expansion around a flat background and one should in principle expand around a De Sitter or anti­De Sitter background [19]. In our case, however, we consider only localized modifications to the Lagrangian. Thus neither objection is relevant."

"Since in the presence of a condensate the sign of the total cosmological term depends on the coordinate x (eq.s (3)­(4)), we expect some ``local'' instabilities to form in the critical regions (7) in that case. Such local instabilities were studied in [15], for the case of an Euclidean scalar field Ø. Let us summarize very briefly the conclusions. If the squared mass term of the field Ø is negative in some ``critical'' regions, then inside these regions Ø tends to grow in order to minimize the action. However, this growth is limited by the gradient squared term in the Lagrangian. One concludes that the field strength diverges in the critical regions only if the product of the imaginary mass by the size of the critical regions exceeds a certain constant. In the case of perturbative quantum gravity, the situation is even more favourable to the formation of local instabilities, since the kinetic term R(x) in Einstein action admits zero modes."

Again these Goldstone modes of spontaneous broken symmetry, which we need to study later on! For example, my paper with Marshall Stoneham, The Goldstone Theorem and the Jahn-Teller Effect, Proceedings of the Physical Society of London, 1967, see also AIP Resource Letter on Symmetry in Physics.

Lecture 8

"Clearly, there is no obstacle to the growth of the zero modes in the critical regions. We shall admit that the growth of the gravitational field within the critical regions is limited by a positive higher order term in the action, that can be otherwise disregarded. … the field is pinned only locally, in the critical regions.

x How does this local pinning of the field influences the gravitational interaction of two masses m 1 and m 2 at rest? …. course, in the case we have in mind, m 1 should represent the Earth and m 2 a weighed sample, or conversely.) … in general the field ``pinning'' reduces |U|…"

That is, the ordinary static gravity potential of Newton’s theory is reduced in the critical boundary layer region surrounding the fuselage of the craft because of its huge superconducting Bohm quantum potential Q. This is analogous to the effect of a dielectric medium on the static Coulomb potential. The MS model seems to give the kind of "metric engineering" suggested by Hal Puthoff.

"Also from an intuitive point of it is clear that local constraints on the field dampen its correlations, and that this is so independently on the detailed features of the pinning mechanism. An explicit evaluation of the functional integral (15) is very difficult, however, and we do not have a complete model for the reported weak gravitational shielding (or better ``absorption'') yet. We shall just assume as a working hypothesis in the following that such absorption takes place in the critical regions of the condensate through the mechanism illustrated above and that the absorption factor is roughly proportional to the thickness of the critical regions."

Lecture 9

"3 Experimental findings.

A recent experiment [5] has shown an unexpected interaction between the gravitational field and a superconductor subjected to external e.m. fields. In this section we summarize the reported observations, trying to focus on the essential elements of an experimental setup which is quite complex. We add some remarks on the possible theoretical interpretations of these observations, according to the model with ``anomalous'' coupling between h(x) and <O|phi(x)|0> introduced in the previous Sections.

3.1 Summary of results with rotating disks. The core of the experimental apparatus is a toroidal disk, 27 cm in diameter and made of high critical temperature (HTC) superconducting material. The disk is kept at a temperature below 70 K; it levitates above three electromagnets and rotates (up to ca. 5000 rpm) due to the action of additional lateral magnetic fields. All electromagnets are supplied with variable­frequency AC current. Within certain frequency ranges one observes a slight decrease in the weight of samples hung above the disk, up to a maximum ``shielding'' value of ca. 1% (observed when the disk rotates at ca. 5000 rpm). A smaller effect, of the order of 0.1% or less, is observed if the disk is only levitating but not rotating. The percentage of weight decrease is the same for samples of different masses and chemical compositions. One can thus describe the effect as a slight diminution of the gravity acceleration g E above the disk. This effect does not seem to diminish with increased elevation above the disk: there appears to be a ``shielding cylinder'' over the disk (compare also [20, 22]), that extends upwards for at least 3 meters. The resulting field configuration is clearly nonconservative. A horizontal force at the border of the shielding cylinder has occasionally been observed, but it is far too small to restore the usual ``zero circuitation'' property of the static field. No weight reduction is observed under the disk. The disk has a composite structure: the upper part has been treated with a thermal process which partially melts the grains of the HTC material and makes it a good superconductor, with high T c (ca. 92 K) and high J c (ca. 7000 A/cm 2). On the contrary, the lower part remains more granular and has a lower critical temperature (ca. 65 K). The aim of this double structure is to obtain good levitation properties, while also creating a layer in which considerable resistive effects can arise. Both characteristics appear to be necessary for the effect to take place: (1) the disk must be able to support intense super­currents; (2) a resistive layer must be present. Another crucial feature of the experimental apparatus is the frequency spectrum of the applied e.m. field. Regardless of the reason for which the external e.m. field was originally employed, it seems clear to us that it plays a fundamental role in supplying the energy necessary for the apparent ``absorption'' of the gravitational field in the disk (compare energetic balance considerations in Section 5). Experimentally one observes [5] that the maximum shielding value is obtained when the coils are supplied with high frequency current (of the order of 10 MHz). Transferring power to the disk is inherently not very efficient. This represents one of the most serious problems to overcome in order to achieve a stable shielding effect, especially for heavy samples. Otherwise, large amounts of refrigerating fluid will be needed to keep the disk from overheating and exiting the superconducting state. Remember that the maximum shielding values have been observed under conditions, which seem to trigger the production of heat. This makes clear why a disk made of HTC material is important: although a low­ temperature superconductor could also reach the critical density conditions, its specific heat is probably too small to maintain the essential conditions while allowing adequate power transfer.

3.2 Interpretation.

We have already stressed in our analysis [6] that an interpretation of the reported effect in the framework of General Relativity, as due to repulsive post­Newtonian fields produced by the super­currents [21], is untenable, since the magnitude order of the effect is far too large. Our interpretative model of the experimental results is based on the ``anomalous'' coupling between Bose condensate and gravitational field described in the previous Sections. In this model the essential ingredient for the shielding is the presence of strong variations of the Cooper pairs density in the disk: we assume that such variations produce small regions with higher density, where the criticality condition (7) is satisfied. It is thus necessary to understand, from this point of view, how the experimental parameters summarized above combine to produce such critical conditions. A correct theoretical interpretation should also suggest alternative experimental settings and possibly lead to a simplified version of the experiment, still giving an observable shielding effect."

I now skip over a lot of detailed experimental information. The original paper should be consulted.

"It is seen that the condensate density ... takes an higher value at the interface than far above it, in the bulk of the ``good'' superconducting material. This fact is rather intuitive and could have been predicted without use of the fluid equation. Given a ``threshold'' value ... of the density, there will be a thin layer ... close to the interface ... This layer corresponds to a critical region..."

"We shall briefly discuss in Section 4.1 how conditions similar to those described above, which are present in ``stationary form'' at the interface in the rotating composite superconducting disk used in [5], are reproduced for short time intervals in our own experiment.

4 Our experiment.

One of us (John.Schnurer.) has recently succeeded in partially reproducing the weak gravitational shielding effect... Although the observed weight reduction was large enough to be clearly distinguished from the noise (of the order of 1 % or more), it was detected only in transient form, lasting up to ca. 3 s. This happened because the weight reduction was coincident with the superconducting transition of the HTC disk, which occurred quite rapidly when the disk warmed up over its critical temperature."

"An improved setup allowed us to run more than 400 trials with an heavier proof mass (a glass rods bundle -- total weight 63 g), accumulating better statistics. Approximately 10 % of the trials gave positive result, i.e., a clear transient reduction in the weight of the proof mass. This apparently random behavior signals that some of the conditions which are necessary to trigger the effect are not well under control yet. ... if the transition is too quick or too slow with respect to certain criteria, no effect is observed. The duration of the transition, in turn, depends strongly on the thermal conditions of the disk, and the latter can be controlled only with limited accuracy."

"the transient reduction in the weight of the proof mass was always coincident with the thermal transition of the YBCO disk from the superconducting to the non­superconducting state."

"First there were the tiny, clear single filament, flexible glasslike wires twisted together through aq kind of gray harness

4.1 Interpretation.

"It is crucial for the occurrence of the effect that the supercurrent present in the disk at the transition be very high and that the transition width be small. This requires an excellent HTC ceramic material."

Colonel Phillip Corso says that the fuselage of the alleged crashed ET ship is "ceramic". Let's look at a few remarks that Corso makes in Birnes's version in The Day After Roswell. This is not an exhaustive list of all the relevant technical clues scattered throughout Corso's book that do significantly match promising new ideas in physics. I will add to this list later.

"Dr. Hermann Oberth suggests we consider the Roswell craft from the New Mexico desert not a spacecraft but a time machine." p.90.

"we should consider the EBEs … humanoid robots rather than life forms, specifically engineered for long-distance travel through space and time." p.91

"What did intrigue those who inspected the aircraft once it was shipped to Wright field was the complete absence of any food-preparation facilities. Nor were there any stored foodstuffs on board." p.94

"The bodies of the alleged dead ET's had "no digestive or waste systems" … the creatures were enclosed in a one-piece protective covering … in which the atoms were aligned so as to provide great tensile strength and flexibility…" p.95

The ET's are "telepathic". p. 97

"headbands .. embedded …. were … sensors " … Perhaps these headband devices comprised the pilot interface of the ship's navigational and propulsion system combined with a long-range communications device … lack of any traditional controls and propulsion system in the crashed vehicle … I imagined that the keys to understanding what made the craft go and directed its flight lay not only in the craft itself but in the relationship between the pilots and the craft." pp. 98-99

Brendan O Regan wanted me to write a paper on this same idea for Psychoenergetic Systems back in London in 1974! I heard this same stuff from him when he was working with Astronaut Edgar Mitchell with Puthoff and Targ at the Stanford Research Institute. George Koopman from Insgroup, Huntington Beach, CA, a defense contractor who funded PCRG at Esalen, had similar information that he said he got from the "kook desk" when he was in the Army. This sounds like Corso's "nut file". Harold Chipman, a former CIA station chief who funded me overtly in 1985, told me directly that his unit used "remote viewing" successfully in actual covert operations inside the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Chipman said he was responsible for bringing Pat Price to Puthoff and Targ at the Stanford Research Institute. Chipman said his unit also ran mind-control experiments with psycho-active drugs in San Francisco years earlier.

Now don't tell me that NASA's "Breakthrough Propellantless Propulsion" group at Lewis in Cleveland promoted by Marc Millis was not motivated by Corso's story or similar stories.

"There were no conventional technological explanations for the way the Roswell craft's propulsion system operated. There were no atomic engines, no rockets, no jets, nor any propeller-driven form of thrust."

Corso then gives some flaky-sounding attempts at an explanation, which should be reinterpreted in terms of the Modanese-Schnurer theory discussed earlier. Remember that Corso is not a scientist or an engineer, but is a military intelligence officer.

"The craft was able to displace gravity through the propagation of a magnetic wave …." p. 100

"… the entire vehicle functioned just like a giant capacitor" p. 101

This does not make sense since the plates of a capacitor attract rather than repel. All of these classical EM field attempts are, of course, naïve. EM fields play a role, but the key factor is the giant sentient post-quantum potential Q* that couples to the classical EM fields in the high-temperature nano-engineered superconducting fuselage. There is no way that Corso or All The King's Horses and All The King's Men in Army R&D could have known back then what we know today. It's a new conceptual ball game today in 1998. Brendan O Regan asked me to work on this back in 1974, but I did not have the prerequisite conceptual tools back then. We had to wait for theoretical physics to advance another 25 years. Now we can do it! Too bad, O' Regan, Koopman and Chipman are not alive today to see this. Too bad Generals Mac Arthur and Trudeau are not alive to see this. But Colonel Corso is still alive at 82. Who was it that said, "Lafayette we are here."?

"The pilots weren't affected by the tremendous g-forces that build up in the acceleration of conventional aircraft because to aliens inside, it was as if gravity was being folded around the outside of the wave that enveloped the craft. Maybe it was like travelling inside the eye of a hurricane." p. 101

This is a damn good pop description of the Alcubierre warp drive idea. That is, the ship is locally on a slower-than-light weightless timelike geodesic although globally it is going faster-than-light. This is due to the inhomogeneous warping of the metric from bow to stern, which is made possible by the exotic quantum-phase coupling to the metric's dynamical action. According to Modanese and Schnurer, this exotic coupling induces a locally inhomogeneous strong cosmological constant field that gives repulsive anti-gravity like the inflation field at the beginning of the universe. This is a post-quantum sentient controlled mini-inflation effect-- I think (tentatively).

"But how did the pilots interface with the wave form they were generating."

Replace Corso's use of "wave form" by "giant post-quantum pilot-wave form attached to the superconducting electromagnetic field configuration".

"… the secret … could be found in the single-piece skin-tight coveralls spun around the creatures."

This is a nano-engineered material of quantum dots, wires and wells that is a post-quantum computer that couples directly to the Q* of the pilot's momentary material brain configuration as shown in EEG's and other classical neurological signatures. The fuselage is a similarly nano-engineered ceramic-based ultra-high temperature superconductor with enormous post-quantum computing power IMHO.

"The vehicle was simply an extension of their own bodies because it was tied into their neurological systems…"

See Nick Herbert's book, Elemental Mind (Dutton) for some background on this.

"Where was the engine or the power supply for the craft? …. engineers marveled at the thin amalgam of the most refined copper and purest silver they had ever seen that covered the ship's underside. The metal was remarkable for its conductivity, as if the entire craft was an electrical circuit offering no resistance to the flow of current." p. 107

5 Energetic balance.

It is necessary now to discuss some issues of elementary character -- but important from the practical point of view -- concerning the overall energetic balance of the shielding process. In general energy must be supplied in order to reduce the weight of an object, because the potential gravitational energy of the object has negative sign and is smaller, in absolute value, in the presence of shielding. However, since the field is non­conservative, it is certainly wrong to compute the difference in the potential energy of an object between the interior and the exterior of the shielding cylinder by evaluating naively the difference (which turns out to be huge) between an hypothetical ``internal potential'' U ... Which we are most familiar, being produced by very large masses, are relatively insensitive to the presence of light test bodies; thus, it makes sense in that case to speak of a field in the usual meaning: while a body falls down, we do not usually worry about its reaction on the Earth. But in the present case, the interaction between the shielded object and the external source (that is, the system [Bose condensate+external e.m. field], which, by fixing the constraints on the gravitational potential h, produces the shielding), is very important. Let us then ask a provocative question, suggested by the experimental reality: if the superconducting disk is in a room and the shielding effect extends up to the ceiling, should we expect the disk and all the shielding apparatus to feel a back reaction? (And possibly an even stronger one if the ceiling is quite thick or if there are more floors above?) ...Because of this, considerations involving the local energy density of the gravitational field, which can be properly defined for weak fields, are not helpful in the present case. ... The answer is this: since the ceiling is very rigid, the experimental apparatus is not able to exert any work on it and thus does not feel its presence."

Sarfatti: So MS do not have the my above idea that the effect is confined to a small boundary layer. Actually if the effective mass of the virtual gravitons is imaginary the propagator oscillates in space rather than decays like in the Yukawa potential. So I may be wrong about the warp being confined to a thin boundary of scale h/|iM|c?